1. Epa Corrosion Control Treatment
2. Epa Design Manual Odor Corrosion Control Auburn Al
3. Epa Optimal Corrosion Control Treatment

Genre/Form:Handbooks and manualsHandbooks, manuals, etcAdditional Physical Format:Online version:Odor and corrosion control in sanitary sewerage systems and treatment plants.Cincinnati, OH: Center for Environmental Research Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1985(OCoLC)949645314Material Type:Government publication, National government publication, Internet resourceDocument Type:Book, Internet ResourceAll Authors / Contributors:OCLC Number:12918308Notes:Shipping list no.: 85-856-P.' October 1985.' Description:ix, 132 pages: illustrations; 28 cmOther Titles:Design manual, odor and corrosion control in sanitary sewerage systems and treatment plants.

District Sales Manager, Vaughan Harshman, explains what causes sewer corrosion and how municipalities can treat it. He also highlights Evoqua’s comprehensive line of technologies for odor. Bowker is considered an international expert in odor and corrosion control in waste handling systems. HIGHLIGHTS. Preparing, as principal author, the 1985 EPA Design Manual on Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Sewers and Treatment Plants and the 1991 EPA Report to Congress on Sulfide Corrosion in Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems.

Biogenic sulfide corrosion is a mediated process of forming gas and the subsequent conversion to that attacks and within environments. The hydrogen sulfide gas is biochemically in the presence of moisture to form sulfuric acid.

The effect of sulfuric acid on concrete and steel surfaces exposed to severe wastewater environments can be devastating. In the USA alone, corrosion is causing sewer asset losses estimated ataround $14 billion per year. This cost is expected to increase as the aging infrastructure continues to fail.

Contents.Environment Corrosion may occur where stale sewage generates hydrogen sulfide gas into an atmosphere containing oxygen gas and high relative humidity. There must be an underlying anaerobic aquatic habitat containing sulfates and an overlying aerobic aquatic habitat separated by a gas phase containing both oxygen and hydrogen sulfide at concentrations in excess of 2 ppm. Conversion of sulfate SO 4 2− to hydrogen sulfide H 2S Fresh domestic sewage entering a wastewater collection system contains proteins including organic sulfur compounds oxidizable to sulfates and may contain inorganic sulfates.

Dissolved is depleted as bacteria begin to organic material in sewage. In the absence of dissolved oxygen and, sulfates are reduced to hydrogen sulfide as an alternative source of oxygen for catabolizing organic waste by (SRB), identified primarily from the obligate anaerobic species.Hydrogen sulfide production depends on various physicochemical, topographic and hydraulic parameters such as:. Sewage oxygen concentration. The threshold is 0.1 mg.l −1; above this value, sulfides produced in sludge and sediments are oxidized by oxygen; below this value, sulfides are emitted in the gaseous phase. Temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the kinetics of H 2S production.

Sewage pH. It must be included between 5.5 and 9 with an optimum at 7.5-8.

Sulfate concentration. Nutrients concentration, associated to the. Conception of the As H 2S is formed only in anaerobic conditions, slow flow and long retention time gives more time to aerobic bacteria to consume all available dissolved oxygen in water, creating anaerobic conditions. The flatter the land, the less slope can be given to the sewer network, and this favors slower flow and more pumping stations (where retention time is generally longer)Conversion of hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid H 2SO 4 Some hydrogen sulfide gas diffuses into the headspace environment above the wastewater. Moisture evaporated from warm sewage may condense on unsubmerged walls of sewers, and is likely to hang in partially formed droplets from the horizontal crown of the sewer.

As a portion of the hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen gas from the air above the sewage dissolves into these stationary droplets, they become a habitat for sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB), of the genus. Colonies of these aerobic bacteria metabolize the hydrogen sulfide gas to sulfuric acid. Corrosion. See also:Sulfuric acid produced by microorganisms will interact with the surface of the structure material. For, it reacts with the calcium hydroxide in concrete to form calcium sulfate.

This change simultaneously destroys the polymeric nature of calcium hydroxide and substitutes a larger molecule into the matrix causing pressure and spalling of the adjacent concrete and aggregate particles. The weakened crown may then collapse under heavy overburden loads. Even within a well-designed sewer network, a rule of thumb in the industry suggests that 5% of the total length may/will suffer from biogenic corrosion. In these specific areas, biogenic sulfide corrosion can deteriorate metal or several millimeters per year of concrete (see Table).SourceThickness loss(in mm.y −1)Material typeUS EPA, 19912.5 – 10ConcreteMorton et al., 19912.7ConcreteMori et al., 19924.3 – 4.7ConcreteIsmail et al., 19932 – 4MortarDavis, 19983.1ConcreteMonteny et al., 20011.0 – 1.3MortarVincke et al., 20021.1 – 1.8ConcreteFor, processes are completely different because they are based on another chemical composition.

At least three different mechanisms contribute to the better resistance to biogenic corrosion:. The first barrier is the larger of calcium aluminate cements vs. Ordinary Portland Cement; one gram of calcium aluminate cement can neutralize around 40% more acid than a gram of ordinary Portland Cement. For a given production of acid by the, a calcium aluminate cement concrete will last longer. The second barrier is due to the precipitation, when the surficial pH gets below 10, of a layer of alumina gel (AH3 in cement chemistry notation). AH3 is a stable compound down to a pH of 4 and it will form an acid-resistant barrier as long as the surface pH is not lowered below 3-4 by the bacterial activity. The third barrier is the bacteriostatic effect locally activated when the surface reaches pH values less than 3-4.

Epa Corrosion Control Treatment

At this level, the alumina gel is no longer stable and will dissolve, liberating aluminum ions. These ions will accumulate in the thin biofilm. Once the concentration reaches 300-500 ppm, it will produce a effect on bacteria metabolism.

In other word, bacteria will stop oxidizing the sulfur from H 2S to produce acid, and the pH will stop decreasing.A mortar made of calcium aluminate cement combined withcalcium aluminate aggregates, i.e. A 100% calcium aluminate material, will last much longer as aggregates can also limit microorganisms’ growth and inhibits the acid generation at the source itself.Prevention There are several options to address biogenic sulfide corrosion problems: impairing H 2S formation, venting out the H 2S or using materials resistant to biogenic corrosion. For example, sewage flows more rapidly through steeper gradient sewers reducing time available for hydrogen sulfide generation. Likewise, removing sludge and sediments from the bottom of the pipes reduces the amount of anoxic areas responsible for growth.

Providing good ventilation of sewers can reduce atmospheric concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas and may dry exposed sewer crowns, but this may create odor issues with neighbors around the venting shafts. Three other efficient methods can be used involving continuous operation of mechanical equipment: chemical reactant like can be continuously added in the sewerage water to impair the H 2S formation, an active ventilation through odor treatment units to remove H 2S, or an injection of compressed air in pressurized mains to avoid the anaerobic condition to develop. In sewerage areas where biogenic sulfide corrosion is expected, acid resistant materials like, PVC or vitrified clay pipe may be substituted to ordinary concrete or steel sewers.Existing structures that have extensive exposure to biogenic corrosion such as sewer manholes and pump station wet wells can be rehabilitated. Rehabilitation can be done with materials such as a structural epoxy coating, this epoxy is designed to be both acid resistant and strengthen the compromised concrete structure.See also.;;References.

Brongers, M.P.H., Virmani, P.Y., Payer, J.H., 2002. Drinking Water and Sewer Systems in Corrosion Costs and preventive Strategies in the United States. United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Sydney, R., Esfandi, E., Surapaneni, S., 1996. Control concrete sewer corrosion via the crown spray process. Water Environ.

68 (3), 338-347. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991. Hydrogen Sulphide Corrosion in Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems (Technical Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency (1985) Design Manual, Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Sewerage Systems and Treatment Plants (Technical Report). Morton R.L., Yanko W.A., Grahom D.W., Arnold R.G. (1991) Relationship between metal concentrations and crown corrosion in Los Angeles County sewers.

Research Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 63, 789–798. Mori T., Nonaka T., Tazaki K., Koga M., Hikosaka Y., Noda S. (1992) Interactions of nutrients, moisture, and pH on microbial corrosion of concrete sewer pipes. Water Research, 26, 29–37.

Ismail N., Nonaka T., Noda S., Mori T. (1993) Effect of carbonation on microbial corrosion of concrete.

Epa Design Manual Odor Corrosion Control Auburn Al

Journal of Construction Management and Engineering, 20, 133-138. Davis J.L. (1998) Characterization and modeling of microbially induced corrosion of concrete sewer pipes. Dissertation, University of Houston, Houston, TX. Monteny J., De Belie N., Vincke E., Verstraete W., Taerwe L. (2001) Chemical and microbiological tests to simulate sulfuric acid corrosion of polymer-modified concrete.

Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 1359-1365. Vincke E., Van Wanseele E., Monteny J., Beeldens A., De Belie N., Taerwe L., Van Gemert D., Verstraete W. (2002) Influence of polymer addition on biogenic sulfuric acid attack. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 49, 283-292. Herisson J., Van Hullebusch E., Gueguen Minerbe M., Chaussadent T.

(2014) Biogenic corrosion mechanism: study of parameters explaining calcium aluminate cement durability. CAC 2014 – International Conference on Calcium Aluminates, May 2014, France. 12 p.

Hammer, Mark J. Water and Waste-Water Technology John Wiley & Sons (1975). Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering McGraw-Hill (1972). Pomeroy, R.D., 1976,.

Published by the Clay Pipes Development Association. Sawyer, Clair N. & McCarty, Perry L. Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers (2nd edition) McGraw-Hill (1967). United States Department of the Interior (USDI) Concrete Manual (8th edition) United States Government Printing Office (1975).

Weismann, D. (Hrsg.): 'Sulfid-Praxishandbuch der Abwassertechnik; Geruch, Gefahr, Korrosion verhindern und Kosten beherrschen!' Auflage, VULKAN-Verlag, 2007,Notes. O’Dea, Vaughn, “Understanding Biogenic Sulfide Corrosion,”MP (November 2007), pp.

36-39. Brongers et al., 2002. Sydney et al., 1996; US EPA, 1991. ^ Sawyer&McCarty p.461&462. Metcalf & Eddy p.259. US EPA, 1985. USDI pp.9&10.

Hammer p.58. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991. Hydrogen Sulphide Corrosion in Wastewater Collection and Treatment Systems (Technical Report). Morton R.L., Yanko W.A., Grahom D.W., Arnold R.G.

(1991) Relationship between metal concentrations and crown corrosion in Los Angeles County sewers. Research Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 63, 789–798. Mori T., Nonaka T., Tazaki K., Koga M., Hikosaka Y., Noda S. (1992) Interactions of nutrients, moisture, and pH on microbial corrosion of concrete sewer pipes. Water Research, 26, 29–37.

Ismail N., Nonaka T., Noda S., Mori T. (1993) Effect of carbonation on microbial corrosion of concrete. Journal of Construction Management and Engineering, 20, 133-138. Davis J.L. (1998) Characterization and modeling of microbially induced corrosion of concrete sewer pipes. Dissertation, University of Houston, Houston, TX. Monteny J., De Belie N., Vincke E., Verstraete W., Taerwe L.

Epa Optimal Corrosion Control Treatment

(2001) Chemical and microbiological tests to simulate sulfuric acid corrosion of polymer-modified concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 1359-1365.

Vincke E., Van Wanseele E., Monteny J., Beeldens A., De Belie N., Taerwe L., Van Gemert D., Verstraete W. (2002) Influence of polymer addition on biogenic sulfuric acid attack. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 49, 283-292.

Herisson J., Van Hullebusch E., Gueguen Minerbe M., Chaussadent T. (2014) Biogenic corrosion mechanism: study of parameters explaining calcium aluminate cement durability. CAC 2014 – International Conference on Calcium Aluminates, May 2014, France. 12 p.Pomeroy's report contains errors in the equation: the pipeline slope (S, p. 8) is quoted as m/100m, but should be m/m.

This introduces a factor of 10 underestimate in the calculation of the 'Z factor', used to indicate if there is a risk of sulphide-induced corrosion, if the published units are used. The web link is to the revised 1992 edition, which contains the units error - the 1976 edition has the correct units.